Another Face of Janus (The Nature of Leadership and Its Relation to Management). II. The Outlines of a New Theory

Leadership, as well as management, is closely related to the rule in human groups which, in a very broad sense, may be divided into two categories: formal organizations and informal associations. Rule in the former manifests itself predominantly as administration. As to the latter their inherent mode of rule is governance. In turn, the chief method of administration is management while governance mostly employs leadership as the main channel of influencing people. Thus, representing two diverse faces of rule, leadership and management appear to be twin-born antipodes. They have opposite orientations, but a common intention – making people attain the goals set.

Keywords: leadership, management, rule, faces of Janus, new theory.